ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
Definition:
Oral surgery is the parts of dental practice that deals with the diagnosis surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases and injuries and defect of the oral and maxillo facial reason.
There are two types of surgery. They are -
a) Minor surgery: Minor surgery includes extraction, apisectomy, frenectomy, gingivactomy, opperculotomy etc.
b) Major surgery: Major surgery includes correction of -
i. Cleflip and palate
ii. TM Joint problems
iii. Hem maxilotomy
iv. Neck surgery etc.
Figure: Cleflip
Most common surgical diseases in oral cavity are -
a. Ameloblastoma
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Osteomalities
d. Haemigioma
e. Fracture of mandibul and maxilla
Oral surgery is the parts of dental practice that deals with the diagnosis surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases and injuries and defect of the oral and maxillo facial reason.
There are two types of surgery. They are -
a) Minor surgery: Minor surgery includes extraction, apisectomy, frenectomy, gingivactomy, opperculotomy etc.
b) Major surgery: Major surgery includes correction of -
i. Cleflip and palate
ii. TM Joint problems
iii. Hem maxilotomy
iv. Neck surgery etc.
Figure: Cleflip
Most common surgical diseases in oral cavity are -
a. Ameloblastoma
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Osteomalities
d. Haemigioma
e. Fracture of mandibul and maxilla
Ameloblastoma
Most
commom tumour in oral cavity. Most ameloblastomas are first recognized
between the ages of 40 and 50 years. 80 % form in the mandible, of
these, 70 % develop in the posterior molar region. They are symptom less
until the swelling becomes noticeable.
Management:
i. The diagnosis conformed by biopsy.
ii. Treatment done by -
a.Wide excision followed by bone grafting .
b.Drezing method.
Figure: Ameloblastoma
Carcinoma of the mouth:
Carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the mouth. Over 90% of these tumours are squamous cell carcinoma.
Aetiology:
1.Tobaco use.
2.Increase age.
3.Alcohol.
4.Betel chewing.
5.Sunlight.
6. Pre cancerous lesion etc.
Management:
i. The diagnosis conformed by biopsy.
ii. Treatment done by -
a.Wide excision followed by bone grafting .
b.Drezing method.
Figure: Ameloblastoma
Carcinoma of the mouth:
Carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the mouth. Over 90% of these tumours are squamous cell carcinoma.
Aetiology:
1.Tobaco use.
2.Increase age.
3.Alcohol.
4.Betel chewing.
5.Sunlight.
6. Pre cancerous lesion etc.
Oral cancer
_Sites of Oral cancer: The
lower lip is the common site of the oral cancer. Tongue is the second
affected site with in the oral cavity. Other sites are palate, floor of
the mouth, buccal mucosa etc.
Age and sex incidents:
About 98% of the patients are over the age of 40 years. Cancer of the mouth is more common in male than woman.
Figure : Oral cancer
Treatment of oral cancer:
i. Surgical excision
ii. Radio therapy
iii. Chemo therapy
iv. Combination of above method
Age and sex incidents:
About 98% of the patients are over the age of 40 years. Cancer of the mouth is more common in male than woman.
Figure : Oral cancer
Treatment of oral cancer:
i. Surgical excision
ii. Radio therapy
iii. Chemo therapy
iv. Combination of above method